Water Hammer in Pipes Apparatus MODEL FM 71

Water Hammer in Pipes Apparatus MODEL FM 71

Sci-tech Water Hammer in Pipes Apparatus Model FM 71 can be used to study water hammer and pressure waves in long pipelines. Water hammer is generated by closing a valve at the end of the pipe section. The water hammer is then reflected to the beginning of the pipe as an inverted wave. A pressure vessel with air cushion at the start of the pipe section simulates the open beginning of the pipe, so that there is a clear reflection of the wave. In order to achieve reflection times that are large enough, a 60m long pipe section has been installed, which is shaped as a coiled tube to save space.

In experiments, the emergence of water hammer is studied as a function of the valve closing times. The trainer therefore includes two solenoid valves, one with constant closing time and one with adjustable closing time. Optionally resulting pressure oscillations are measured by a pressure sensor and the pressure curve is displayed by the software.

A valve is used to adjust the flow rate. System pressure and flow rate are displayed. A safety valve protects the system against overpressure.

Size: 200cm x 30cm x 80cm (LxWxH)

Item Description

Features

  • Investigation of water hammer and pressure waves in pipes
  • Measuring the velocity of sound in water
  • Solenoid valve with adjustable closing time
  • Optional software for displaying the pressure curve

Water hammer in pipes is a significant problem in engineering as they can cause severe damage to piping, fittings and system components. Water hammer is caused by the inertia effect of the flowing fluid being subjected to an abrupt change in velocity, e.g. when rapidly closing a valve. Therefore, knowledge about the emergence of water hammer is an important aspect of designing pipework systems.

Sci-tech Water Hammer in Pipes Apparatus Model FM 71 can be used to study water hammer and pressure waves in long pipelines. Water hammer is generated by closing a valve at the end of the pipe section. The water hammer is then reflected to the beginning of the pipe as an inverted wave. A pressure vessel with air cushion at the start of the pipe section simulates the open beginning of the pipe, so that there is a clear reflection of the wave. In order to achieve reflection times that are large enough, a 60m long pipe section has been installed, which is shaped as a coiled tube to save space.

In experiments, the emergence of water hammer is studied as a function of the valve closing times. The trainer therefore includes two solenoid valves, one with constant closing time and one with adjustable closing time. Optionally resulting pressure oscillations are measured by a pressure sensor and the pressure curve is displayed by the software.

A valve is used to adjust the flow rate. System pressure and flow rate are displayed. A safety valve protects the system against overpressure.

Optional: ‘Sci-Cal’ Computer Control Software & Interface in ‘LabVIEW’.

Technical Specifications

Specifications
1. Investigation of water hammer and pressure waves in pipes
2. Pipe section as coiled tube to save space
3. Generation of water hammer via solenoid valve with constant closing time
4. Generation of water hammer via solenoid valve with adjustable closing time
5. Pressure vessel with air cushion reflects the wave
6. Safety valve protects against overpressure in the system
7. Instruments: pressure sensor, rotameter, manometer
8. Representation of the pressure curves and the flow rate with software
9. Optional software for data acquisition via USB under Windows

Technical Specifications
Solenoid valve, constant closing time
 closing time: 20…30ms
 operating pressure: 0…10bar
Solenoid valve, adjustable closing time
 closing time: 1…4s
 operating pressure: 0,2…12bar
Safety valve: 16bar
Pipe section, copper
 length: 60m
 inner diameter: 10mm
Pressure vessel: 5L
Measuring ranges
 pressure: 0…16bar
 flow rate: 30…320L/h

Optional:

‘Sci-Cal’ Computer Control Software & Interface in ‘LabVIEW’.

‘Sci-Cal’ software & hardware has been designed for use with more than 200 ‘Sci-tech’ trainers. ‘Sci-Cal’ comes in a module that can be fitted or mounted on the Sci-tech trainers very easily.

‘Sci-Cal’ box has 11 inches front HMI interactive panel, inside are i3 processor computer with it’s own hard drive & software processor with 16 to 32 analog and 16 to 32 digital signal data-loggers. The ‘Labview’ processes the input signal with in-built data and formulae to tabulate results for the Sci-tech trainers.

‘Sci-Cal’ box has HDMI output for connection to a projector or an electronic whiteboard or a monitor.

‘Sci-Cal’ box has input ports for inputs from the Sci-tech trainer sensors.

‘Sci-Cal’ eliminates requirement of external computer.

 

Experiments
 water hammer as a function of flow rate
 water hammer as a function of valve closing time
 display pressure curve
 determine reflection time
 calculation of the velocity of sound in water

Mains Power
 220 – 240V 1Ph, 50Hz

Model Number

FM 71

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